Climate change is probably the most important cliché in the
world. To understand what climate change is, it is important to define climate
as it is often an ambiguous term. Climate may be defined as a composite or
general weather conditions that prevails over a long period of time in a
particular geographical area. In simpler terms it is the average of everyday
weather over a long period of time. Climate change refers to a lasting and
significant change in the weather pattern and its distribution across the
globe. Climate change is caused due to various factors such as accumulation of
greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide, water vapor, Methane, Nitrous oxide and
Chlorofluorocarbons caused due to increase in the output of solar irradiance,
volcanic eruptions and many human activities.
To substantially understand the effect climate
change will have on agriculture we can begin with listing the possible changes
in the environment that are likely to occur. Change in climate can be
associated with change in temperature, precipitation, Carbon dioxide
concentration, wind pattern and other climatic variables.
Temperature
is critical variant in any biochemical process as it determines the rate of the
reaction. The physiology of plants is ultimately a biochemical reaction and
hence it is bound to effect the growth of the plants. An increase in
temperature will lead to increase in the rate of respiration of the plant. An
increase in the temperature is seen to decrease the grain-filling period which
can lead to decreased yield. The effects of high temperature can be more
significant around anthesis as the various stages of reproduction that the leads
to the formation of seeds such as pollen grain synthesis, transfer of pollen
grains to the stigma, generations of pollen tube, fertilization and development
of zygote are all temperature sensitive. This could explain the decrease in
yield. Also a higher mean temperature is shown to affect the root biomass of
the crops which in turn affects the quality of crop as it reduces the ability
to absorb nutrients from the soil. Though these effects may not be universal
and many crops may be able to adapt to the changes in temperature, it cannot be
neglected that some crops might be adversely affected even by the slight
increase in the mean temperature. Studies conducted by enlarge show that the
effect of increase in mean temperature leads to lower yield of crops.
For more Information visit: http://www.seedbuzz.com/knowledge-center/article/climate-change-and-its-impact-on-agriculture
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